From the midth century to present day, New Brunswick is full of rich history, facts and details, places and structures, and the many people who contributed to its prominent growth over these many decades. Along the way there are multitudes of interesting facts, pertinent stories, recorded historical data, and even legends — all of which may or may not be preserved in historical annals.
In the s… During the last half of the 17th century, the area that was to become metropolitan New Brunswick was no more than a Native American village in a dense cedar forest with some swampland along the Raritan River. The first recorded European inhabitant of the area was a man named Daniel Cooper, who resided near the present site of the Albany Street bridge approach.
The premier typically appoints members of the Cabinet from among the MLAs also belonging to the party in power. Cabinet members are referred to as ministers and oversee specific portfolios. Typical portfolios include finance, health and education. In the years following Confederation a two-party system became firmly entrenched in New Brunswick politics, with either the Liberals or the Conservatives eventually Progressive Conservatives holding power. Equally characteristic of provincial politics were the multiple terms enjoyed by the governing party, for example, five consecutive Conservative premiers governed from to , followed by six consecutive Liberal premiers, from to Up until , when the New Democratic Party won a single seat, the only third party to make a mark in provincial politics was the United Farmers of New Brunswick, which won nine seats in As with other provinces, initially not everyone had the right to vote in provincial elections.
Women received this right in , and Indigenous people in Indeed, ethnicity and regional disparity have historically been recurring themes in New Brunswick politics.
Politicians have occasionally exploited tensions between the French and English, but the winning party has traditionally been the one able to win a substantial share of support from both. In , Liberal Louis J.
Veniot took over in following a resignation, but was not elected and the first francophone. Robichaud introduced sweeping changes to economic and linguistic policies.
Acadians gained most from these changes as income was redistributed from urban centres to a poverty-stricken north, and language services were developed to serve both the English and French as recommended by the federal Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. Despite the opposition of prominent corporations and conservatives appalled at the pace of change, Robichaud remained in power for the decade. His successor, Conservative and Protestant Richard Hatfield who remained premier for 17 years, —87 , did not reverse the trend.
This had only happened once before in Canadian history, when the Prince Edward Island Liberals won every seat in His success in this area resulted in another large majority victory in the general election.
In , however, new Liberal leader Shawn Graham took advantage of public outrage against auto insurance premiums; Graham constantly attacked Lord and the PCs on this issue, even suggesting a system of public auto insurance to control prices.
Lord was reduced to the smallest possible majority government, winning 28 seats, while the Liberals won 26 and the NDP one.
Graham defeated Lord in the election, which was controversially called early by Lord in order to avoid entering a new legislative session with a minority following the resignation of PC MLA Peter Mesheau. This backfired, and the Liberals formed a majority government, with 29 seats to the 26 won by the PCs. During the election, the province swung left again, giving Liberal leader Brian Gallant a narrow majority government with 27 seats.
Technical difficulties with the vote-counting machines caused a delay in results and led the PCs to demand a recount. Elections New Brunswick, however, maintained the results were sound.
The election resulted in a near tie between the Liberals and PCs. There is a rarely-used parliamentary tradition that says that the incumbent premier has the first right to try and form government, regardless of how many seats their party won.
Having lost one voting member of their party to fill the role of speaker of the legislature, the Liberals now needed the support of four non-Liberal MLAs. Without the confidence of the legislature, Gallant stepped down as premier, paving the way for Higgs.
His justification for the request was to provide the province with stability during the pandemic. When the Liberal Party pulled out of negotiations, Higgs called an election. Voters elected a majority PC government. Although New Brunswick was the first province to establish a department of health, economic difficulties resulted in its services lagging far behind most other provinces until the late s. Psychiatric care is offered in the home, in chronic care hospitals at Saint John and Campbellton, and in units of the regional hospitals.
Hospital and other medical services are provided without premiums under the nationally integrated programs. Small user fees were introduced in A provincial plan aids people over 65 in the payment of prescription drugs.
Public health services include nursing, inspection, control of communicable diseases, maternal and child health care, home care, nutrition, tuberculosis control and the operation of a home dialysis program.
The educational institutions of Loyalist New Brunswick began with a strong Anglican bias which stimulated the proliferation of other denominational schools and colleges. The Common Schools Act of , which established free public schools, virtually excluded the Catholics.
A later compromise permitted teaching by members of religious orders and religious instruction after school hours. Education, however, remained a flash point of tension among religious and language groups in the province. This and other educational reforms of the s relieved municipalities of their responsibilities for education and sought full educational services for both French and English in their own languages. Full curriculum and services are offered in both official languages through two parallel systems, from k to Financing is provided by the province.
In , school boards were abolished, and were replaced with a parent-driven structure at the school, district and provincial levels. Seven school districts remain, divided linguistically, and each linguistic grouping is responsible for its own curriculum: there are three francophone districts Northeast, Northwest and South and four Anglophone districts North, South, East and West. Each district is divided further into sub-districts 27 in the francophone districts, 41 in the anglophone districts , and is led by elected District Education Councils DEC.
Bliss Carman , Sir Charles G. Roberts , A. Bailey, Desmond Pacey , W. From the s private patrons such as J.
Webster of Shediac and Lord Beaverbrook formerly Max Aitken of Newcastle helped develop institutional bases for creativity and for popular education through museums, art galleries, playhouses and universities. In recent decades the universities have been centres of literary and artistic endeavour.
Mount Allison is famous for its artists and musicians. The University of New Brunswick has developed journals of national stature, such as the literary Fiddlehead and the historical Acadiensis.
Acadian choirs have gained an international reputation for excellence. Theatre New Brunswick , a professional theatre company based in Fredericton , offers live theatre in the towns and cities of the province. There are also two dance companies, DancEast and DansEncorps, and 14 public art galleries. The Beaverbrook Art Gallery , the province's largest, features exhibitions of New Brunswick, Canadian, and international historical and contemporary art.
See Acadian Music. Until its bankruptcy, the French-language L'Evangeline was the daily voice of Acadians in the province. New Brunswick is home to 61 National Historic Sites. John River in what was then part of the Province of Nova Scotia. They were fleeing from persecution in the aftermath of the American Revolution and came from as far south as Georgia and as far north as Massachusetts.
The Black Loyalists included a number of freed slaves, but there were a small number of loyalists who brought their slaves with them to New Brunswick. Discontentment with the government in Halifax led to the establishment of the areas north of the Bay of Fundy as the new Province of New Brunswick in By , so many refugees had landed and settled at the mouth of the St.
The capital was established at Fredericton, km up the St. John River. Save statistic in. XLS format. PNG format. PDF format. Show details about this statistic. Exclusive Premium functionality. Register in seconds and access exclusive features.
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