Give plenty of liquids to prevent dehydration , such as water or ginger ale, especially if he or she has had a fever. Avoid orange juice, grapefruit juice, lemonade, or other acidic beverages, which can irritate a sore throat. Warm liquids like soups, sweetened tea, or hot chocolate can be soothing. Talk to your doctor about when your child can return to normal activities. Most kids can go back to school when they've taken antibiotics for at least 24 hours and no longer have a fever.
Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. What Is Strep Throat? Symptoms of strep throat include: sore throat fever red and swollen tonsils painful or swollen neck glands Not all sore throats are strep throats.
Kids who do have strep throat might get other symptoms within about 3 days, such as: red and white patches in the throat trouble swallowing a headache lower stomach pain general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling loss of appetite nausea rash.
Is Strep Throat Contagious? How Is Strep Throat Diagnosed? Within a day or so of beginning antibiotics, your symptoms should improve. You aren't considered contagious after you have been on antibiotics for 24 hours, but you must complete the entire course of medication to help prevent complications such as rheumatic fever.
Take all your medication even if you feel better within a few days. Strep infections that are left untreated or not treated completely can lead to rheumatic fever, an illness that can damage heart valves, and also may cause glomerulonephritis, a serious kidney disorder.
Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen as needed for fever and body aches. Do NOT give aspirin to children because it can cause a dangerous condition called Reye syndrome. Finally, your child probably will act either quieter or noisier than usual and have trouble expressing her thoughts or feelings. Has she recently lost a close friend or a pet? Has there been a death of a family member, or the divorce or separation of her parents?
Your pediatrician can suggest ways to help your child talk about her troubles. For example, he may advise you to use toys or games to help the child act out her problems.
If you need additional assistance, the pediatrician may refer you to a child therapist, psychologist, or psychiatrist. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page.
Turn on more accessible mode. Turn off more accessible mode. Skip Ribbon Commands. Skip to main content. Turn off Animations. Turn on Animations. Our Sponsors Log in Register. Log in Register. GAS pharyngitis was coded in 22 8. The positive likelihood ratio of nausea was 1. Vomiting had minimal association with a diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis. The frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with fever who were diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis according to the method of diagnosis is shown in Table 5.
There were no significant differences in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms between patients diagnosed with rapid tests versus those clinically diagnosed with probable GAS pharyngitis. Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in boys and girls with fever diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis by rapid tests versus those clinically diagnosed with probable GAS pharyngitis.
The results of this study suggest that abdominal pain and nausea were associated with GAS pharyngitis in boys, but not in girls. Among patients with abdominal pain, GAS pharyngitis was significantly more common in boys than in girls; among those with nausea, GAS pharyngitis was slightly more common in boys than in girls, although this difference was not statistically significant.
To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the sex-specific effects of gastrointestinal symptoms in the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis. A study in children aged 1—6 years showed an advantage for girls in language abilities, but this disappeared during the sixth year.
This study had several limitations. The sensitivity of rapid tests for GAS 0. If a higher percentage of patients with true GAS pharyngitis have gastrointestinal symptoms than the percentage among patients with a false-negative rapid test for GAS, the sensitivity of gastrointestinal symptoms will be overestimated. If the opposite is the case, the sensitivity of gastrointestinal symptoms will be under-estimated.
The sensitivity of rapid tests for GAS may vary with disease severity spectrum bias. However, no significant association between clinical severity and rapid test sensitivity was shown in a recent systematic review. In addition, it is not feasible to perform both a rapid test and a throat culture in individual patients, because health insurance in Japan covers only one test.
Although not ideal, using rapid tests for GAS as the reference standard was the most practical approach for an unfunded study at a private clinic. Several studies have used rapid tests as the reference standard to evaluate the accuracy of clinical findings in the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis, 19 , 25 , 26 including one conducted in a low-resource setting where bacterial culture was not a practical option, as in the present study. It is possible that some of the children diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis according to rapid test in this study were actually GAS carriers with concurrent viral infection.
If the opposite is the case, the specificity of gastrointestinal symptoms will be underestimated. However, the proportion of GAS carriers among children with rapid-test-diagnosed GAS pharyngitis in this study was probably smaller, because rapid tests were performed only in patients suspected of GAS pharyngitis.
While we acknowledge that controversy remains about the need for antibiotic therapy for GAS pharyngitis in high-resource settings, 35 we believe that antibiotic therapy for children with clinical findings consistent with GAS pharyngitis and with positive rapid tests for GAS is a reasonable, effective, and cost-effective strategy.
The exclusion of patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable GAS pharyngitis from the reference standard may have altered our results. However, the analysis that included all patients coded as having GAS pharyngitis, including those clinically diagnosed with probable GAS pharyngitis, showed a similar trend.
Because the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was similar in patients diagnosed with a rapid test and those clinically diagnosed with probable GAS pharyngitis, the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms likely had little influence on the clinical diagnosis of probable GAS pharyngitis. Failure to perform a rapid test in all children may have resulted in overestimation of the specificity of gastrointestinal symptoms in predicting GAS pharyngitis.
Enrolling all children with fever, including those not suspected of having GAS pharyngitis, may also have resulted in overestimation of the specificity of gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in younger children with a low probability of having GAS pharyngitis. In this study, the association between abdominal pain and GAS pharyngitis was stronger among younger children, especially boys, than among older children.
There may be two reasons for this finding. The findings of this study suggest that abdominal pain and nausea are associated with GAS pharyngitis in boys, but not in girls. Among younger children, sex differences in the associations between abdominal pain and nausea and a diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis might result from boys tending to be less proficient at expressing their symptoms than girls, with boys therefore showing a higher rate of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Clinical prediction rules that include abdominal symptoms may be helpful in diagnosing GAS pharyngitis in boys. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Int J Gen Med. Published online Sep Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited.
By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Objectives This study was designed to assess the accuracy of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, in the diagnosis of Group A streptococcal GAS pharyngitis in children and to determine differences in diagnostic accuracy in boys versus girls.
Results Among the 5, children with fever, 5. Conclusion Abdominal pain and nausea were associated with GAS pharyngitis in boys, but not in girls. Keywords: abdominal pain, nausea, pharyngitis, sensitivity and specificity, Streptococcus pyogenes.
0コメント